Method and machine for producing tapered gears



July 22, 1930. 5.. WILDHABER METHOD AND MACHINE FOR PRODUCING TAPERED GEARS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 28. 1927 Y' 1930. E. WILDHABER 1,771,239

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR PRODUCING TAPERED GEARS Filed Feb. 28', 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 6 INVENTOR Ry 6 i Ermst Wilcfimher 55 K WM ATTomZ 1 Patented July 22 1 930 UNITED STATES ERNEST WILDHABER, OF BROOKLYN,YNEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GLEASON WORKS, OF

PATENT OFFICE ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK METHOD AND MACHINE FOR PRODUCING TAPERED GEARS Application filed February 28, 1927. Serial No. 171,608

The present invention relates to tapered gears, both bevel and hypoid, and to a method and machine for producing such gears.

This invention involves a novel method 5 of producing tapered gears, wherein the usual relative motion between tool and blank about the axis of a basic crown gear is supplanted by a straight line relative motion between the two bodies, as though, broadly, the gears were being generated from a basic member performing a straight line motion.

The present invention permits of producing tapered gears upon machines of simple construction in which the carrier, upon which thetool or blank is mounted, performs a straight line motion instead of an oscillatory or rotary motion as in the usual type of tapered gear generating machines.

The present. invent-ion permits, also, of employing a straight line motion in the production of tapered gears without aflecting appreciably theshape of the teeth out.

This invention provides, further, a method for cutting tapered gears which permits of cutting both members of a'pair, two side faces simultaneously without bias bearing, that is, without a tooth'surface contact which extends diagonally across the faces of the teeth. a

. The principles of the invention and some of its uses and embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will'be understood, however, that this invention is not restricted to the particular embodiments and uses shown, but that it is capable of such further modifications and uses as come within its scope-and within the limits of the accompanying claims. i

In the drawings:

Figures 1 and 2 are a front elevation, partly in section, and a side view, respectively, illustrating somewhat diagrammatically a machine constructed and operating according to the principleso f this invention and illustrating one embodiment thereof Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of this machine; I 5F1gure 4 1sa diagrammatic view illussotrating the preferred manner of practising this invention in the production of one member of a curved tooth bevel pair;

Figure 5- is a corresponding view illustrating the manner in which thegear which is to mate with the cut; and

Figures 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating further embodiments of the invention. j

- Tapered gears, both bevel and hypoid, are customarily generated by providing a cutter gear in Figure 4 may be which represents a tooth or a tooth sideof a basic gear, such as a crown gear, and by moving the cutter and gear blank relatively to each other as though the blank were meshing -with the basic gear represented by the tool.

Gears produced with the present invention will transmit true uniform motion.

The present invention may be used advantageously, moreover, in cutting tapered gears, two tooth sides simultaneously, since with the method of this invention, it is possible to out both gearsof a pair in this manner and have them run together without bias bearing that is, without a tooth bearing which extends diagonally surfaces.

Although a straight line motion, which may be regarded as a rack motion, is em ployed in producing gears with the present invention, the gears produced. are actually tapered gears and are of the same general across the tooth structure as tapered gears produced accord- 1 ing to prior methods, differing, hence, from spur gears which. are customarily generated with a straight line motion.

The principles underlying the production of tapered gears accordingto the present invention are illustrated diagrammatically in 11 of the blank is Figures 4 and-5. These figures compare specifically themethod ordinarily used for producing a curved tooth bevel gear, with the process by which such a gear may be produced according to this invention. Referring first to Fig. 4, where the production of the pinion or smaller member of the pair is shown, 10 indicates the pinion blank, 11 its axis, and 12 its apex. The concentric circles 13 an 13 designate the cutter or tool which is of the rotary annular face mill type. The axis inclined to the plane of the drawing by the pitch cone angle of the blank. Hence, the-plane of. the drawing might be considered the pitch plane of a true crown gear whose axis is perpendicular to-the plane I of the drawing and passes through,the.pin-

ion apex 12.

In the usual operation of producing a bevel gear from a pinion blank, such as the blank 10, the tool 13 is rotated on itsaxis 14 in engagement with the blank and simultaneously the tool and blank are rolled relatively to each other about the axis of the crown gear. In this rolling motion, either the tool or the blank will be swung in a circular path about the axis of the crown gear. For the sake of clearness, I have shown the tool so swung. 14 designates the position of the tool axis at the center of the cut on the tooth space 15 of the blank and 14 shows the position that the cutter would occupy say at the end of the roll, that is, when the tooth side or tooth sides being out were fully generated. Thus, with theusual method the tool axis or the center of tooth curvature 14 has moved in a circular are about the crown gear axis to the position 14.

With the present invention the tool and blank instead of being swung in a circular path relatively to each other are moved relatively in a straight line direction. Thus, with the present invention during the generation of a tooth side or tooth sides, the center or axis 14 of the tool will move along the straight line 17 and will at the end of the roll assume a po'sition'such as the position 14". In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the tooth inclination, or spiral angle, at a mean point 18 of the tooth face, and the cutter radius are 'in such inter-relation that the cutter center 14 coincides with the projecition of the blank apex 12 to the tooth normal 19 at the mean point 18.

The gear which is to mate with the gear cut from the blank 10 is-cut, with this inven- (:5 blank rotates on its axis and simultaneously 3. 30 designates tion, in a similar manner to the blank 10..

The gear blank is shown at-20 in Figure 5, its axis is at 21 and its apex at 22. The two concentric circles 23 and 23' designate the 'tool, a rotary annular face mill. In the production of the gear, as of the pinion, the tool rotates in engagement with the blank, the

mamas a relative straight line motion is imparted between the tool and blank. In this. straight line motion, the tool will move to the position indicated in dotted lines at 25, and its center or axis 24 will move in to the position 24'. The tool and blank are again, preferably, so positioned relatively to each other that the tool center 24 coincides with the pro-.

1 jection of the blank apex 22 to the tooth normal 26 at the mean point 27.

The teeth of gears cut according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, where the tools are positioned as described and as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, will approximate in their lengthwise curvature teeth of longitudinal involute form and will have teeth of approximately constant thickness and tooth faces of approximately con- .stant width. along the entire length of the face. Like gears of involute lengthwise curvature, gears out according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention may be provided with teeth of constant depth. v

It will be seen from Figure 4, that the position 14" assumed by the tool in the generation of gears accord ng to this invention is displaced from the'position 14 which the tool would occupy in the usual process, in a direction parallel to the tooth being out. Inasmuch as this displacement is small and is in the direction of the tooth, it follows that the straight line motion of this invention does not affect to any appreciable extent the tooth shape of gears produced according to this invention, as compared with similar gears produced according to the usual methods.

One particular advantage of the present invention is that both members ofa tapered ear pair may be out two sides simultaneousy in such.manner as to run together without Figures 4 and 5 areshown as provided with a plurality of cutting blades 29, of which 1 alternate blades are adapted to finish cut opplosite adjacent side tooth faces of a blank. ach cutting blade might, however, be provided with a pair of finish cutting edges each of which could cut a side tooth face of the blank. In this case, the cutting blades would preferably be provided with a front rake, as described more particularly in my copending application, .Serial No. 175,859, filed March 16, 1927. I

An embodiment of a machine such as might be employed in producing longitudinally curved tooth bevel gears according to the principles of this invention, is illustrated somewhat diagrammatically in Figures 1 to a rotary face mill, of the type shown in Figures 4 The tool ment of the tool and the rotation of the blank,

an additional relative straight line motion ,is imparted between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a plane'perpendicular to the blank axis. As an illustrative example of one means of effecting this last named motion, I have shown that the required movement mayv be obtained by securing to an arm 38 which is integral with the slide 33, a rack 39, which'meshes with a spur pinion 40 which is connected to rotate with the blank spindle during the generating operation.

The tool 30 maybe rotated on its axis by means of the motor 42, the-pinion 43 which is secured to the armature shaft of the motor, and the gear 44 which is keyed to the cutter spindle 31. The motor and these gears are housed on the cutter head support 32. The tool rotates in engagement with the blank and simultaneously a feed or straight line traversing movement is imparted to the slide 33. This traversing movement may be effected, as illustrated, by rotating a screw 45 which may be driven from any suitable source of power and which engages with a nut 46 which is secured to the slide 33. The movement of the slide 33 carries the tool 30 with it and simultaneously rotates the blank spindleon its axisthrough the rack and pin ion connection 39-40. a

The machine illustrated is of the intermittent or periodic indexingtype. After a tooth surface or tooth surfaces of the blank have been completely generated, the tool and blank are withdrawn relatively to each other, the blank is-indexed and the tool is returned to its initial position ready to cut a new tooth face or faces ofthe blank. The means for withdrawing thetool and blank'relatively to each other may be of any usual or suitable character, such as commonly employed upon machines for producing gears in an intermittent or periodic indexing operation. So, the actual indexing mechanism maybe of any suitable or useful character, the indexing mechanism being illustrated here diagrammatically only. The pinion 40 is shown as provided witha number of holes or recesses '47, and the blank spindle has secured to it an arm 48 which carries a spring pressed plunger 49 which is adapted to en age selectively with the holes or recesses 4 Durmg the cuttlng operation the gear 40 is locked be located upon. the tool axis.

to the blank spindle by engagement of the plunger 49 with'one of these holes 47, and the movement of the slide 33 produces a rotation of the gear blank through the rack and pinion connection 39--40. The gearblank is indexed by. disengaging the plunger 49 from'the hole 47 with which it has been engaged and by rotating the arm 48 and the blank spindle to which the arm -is secured until the plunger has moved into alignment with the next hole 47 with which the plunger is then engaged. When this operation has been performed, another tooth face of the blank will be presented to the tool for operation upon and another tooth face or tooth faces of the blank may be generated.

A single angular adjustment has been shown. It will be understood, however, that the machine will be provided with any usual or necessary adjustments for positioning the tool'and blank in proper position. It will be understood, also, that the relative straight line motion, new with this invention, may be obtained by any other suitable means and is not restricted to the rack and pinion connection shown.

While the machine illustrated is of the intermittent indexing type, it will be understood that the invention may be practiced also in a hobbing or continuous cutting operation and that the tool used may be either of the face mill type so constructed that successive blades or successive groups of blades engage successive tooth faces of the blank,

ting edges are arranged in a thread.

The tool 30 shown is provided with cutting edges which are of circular arc profile, and will sweep out spherical surfaces of revolution. The centers of the inside and outside cutting. edges of the tool will preferably However, the invention is not restricted to use with cutters of circular arc profile, since tools of straight profile or any other desired curvaturemay be used. In Figures 6 and 7 straight or conical cutters 50 and 51 areshown. V

The cutter may be positioned so that its axis is perpendicular to the pitch plane, that is, to the plane tangent to the pitch surface of the blank, or so that its axis is inclined-to this plane. In Figure 6, the axis 52 of the cutter 50 is shown perpendicular to the pitch plane 53. The blank is indicated at 54, its axis at 55 and its apex at 56. This setting of the cutter is used especially when the pitch of the blank is small as compared with the cutter radius. The normal radii 57 and '58 of the outside and inside cutting edges of the tool 50 are of different lengths, the outside radius being the larger. This dif ference is oftentimes desirable to. avoid under-cutting, but it should be very small.

When it is desired to secure cutting surfaces of more nearly equal radii on the inside and outsidecutting edges, the tool will preferably be tilted so that its axis is inclined at an angle other than a right angle to the pitch plane. This position of the cutter.

tool positioned such as shown in Figure 6.

Curved tooth gears maybe out according to this invention, moreover, with planing tools, where the planing tools move in circular arc paths. Such tools will be positioned, preferably, according to the principles set forth with reference to the positioning of the rotary annular. face mills shown. Curved tooth taperedgears may be cut, also, with the present invention by. the use of planing tools where the gear blank is given a continuous indexing motion, that is, where the planing tools out upon a different tooth face of the blank on each'stroke.

The calculations by which the various dimensions of the gear and cutter may be arrived at are based upon the same considerations as underlie the production of bevel gears two side faces simultaneously from offset crown gears, as described in my copend-' ing application, Serial No. 171,606, filed February 28, 1927. A mean point of contact between the tool and blank is assumed and the calculations are based upon the positions which a point on the toothsurface directly above'or below this mean point of contact assumes before it becomes a point of contact between the tool and blank.

As can be demonstrated, and as is clearly disclosed in my copending application last mentioned,'the relationship between the spiral angles of the offset crown gear to which the blank is to be generated conjugate and the spiral angle of the blank, the cutter radius, and the respective cone distances of crown gear and blank may be determined as follows:

Acosh 1 A tanh A cos h tan h where A is the cone distance of the gear to be erating crown gear is at infinity. In other A .words, basic racks are used instead of basic crown gears. Then A equals co.

Whence and:

' vtan h r tan h] A sin h In this equation h indicates the inclination of the straight feed or straight line movement of thebasic rack to a normal to the tooth surface to be produced at the mean point. In the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, h equals zero and the straight line movement is in the direction of the normal.

While it is considered preferable to generate tapered gears according to this invention, by imparting the straight line motion to the -tool while rotating the blank on its axis durat a predetermined rate relative to this straight line motion, it is obvious that, as with other generating operations, the relative motions required may be obtained in other ways also, and it is not intended to restrict the invention to the. embodiment described. So, the straight line motion might be imparted to the blank in addition to ts rotary motion, in which case the tool would recelve only ing cutting -a cutting motion, or the blank might be held stationary and all of the motion might be imparted to the tool, in which case the tool would receive in addition to its cutting motion, a motion which would be the resultant of combining the straight line motion wlth the rotary motion here describedgas preferably im arted to the blank.

The present invention may be practised in the grinding and lappin of gears and 1s not restricted to use only wit planing or milling tools.

While I have illustrated and described certain embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that the invention is capable of further modification within its scope and the limits of the appended claims and that this application isintended to cover any variations,uses, or adaptations of my invention, following, in general, the principles of'the invention and including-such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary ractice in the gear art and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as fall within the limits of-the accompanying claims.

Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim is:

1. The method of producinga tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by producing a cutting motion of a tool in engagement with a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in a direction inclined toa generatrix of the pitch surface of the the tooth profiles.

blank to generate 2. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by moving a cutting edge in .a curved path across the face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank to generate the tooth profiles. Y

Themethod of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by rotating a rotary annular face mill in engagement with a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and si- -multaneously producing an additional relative straight'line motion between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank to generate the tooth profiles.

4. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth sur faces two sides' simultaneously by producing a cuttingv motion of a tool, provided with I cutting edges for cutting opposite side tooth faces of a'blank, in engagement 'with a tapered gear-blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously imparting an additional relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank to generate-the tooth profiles.

5. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting edges across thev face of a ta- A pered' gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing anadditional relative straight line motion between the cutting edges and blank in a direction inclined toa generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank to generate the tooth pros files.

6. The method of producing a taperedgear which consists incutting its side tooth Y tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative straight line motion neously adjacent side tooth faces of a gear' surfaces two sides simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting edges in separate concentrlcally curved paths across the face of a between the cutting edges and ,blank a direction inclined to a generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank to generate the tooth profiles. v

7. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously with a rotary annular face mill, having a plurality of cutting edges adapted to finish cut simultablank, by rotating said tool inengagement with a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously produc- -multaneously producing an additional relative motion between'the tool and blank in a straight line inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

9. The method of producing a tapered gearwhich consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by moving a tool in a curved path acrcss the face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relativemotion between the tool and blank in a straight llne'inclinedto a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

'10. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by rotatinga rotary annular face mill in engagement with a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative motion between the tool and blank in a straight line inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

11. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously by produc-- ing a cutting motion of a tool, provided with cutting edges for cuttingopposite side tooth faces of a gear blank, in engagement with a tapered gear blank, while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative motion between the tool and blank in a straight line inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

12. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting. edges across the face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis andsimultaneously producing an' additional relative motion between the cutting edges andblank in a straight line in- Clllled to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis. g p

13. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in moving a pair of cutting edges in separate concentrically curved ,paths across the face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and si-.

multaneously producing an additional relative motion between the cutting edges and blank in a straight line inclined to a plane perpendicular'to the blank axis.

14. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its sidetooth surfaces two sides simultaneously with a 1'0- tary annular face mill, provided with a plurahty of cutting edges adapted to finish cut simultaneously adjacent tooth faces of a gear blank, by rotating said tool in engagement with a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing an additional relative motion between the tool and blank in a straight line inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

15. :The method of producing attapered gear which consists in cutting its side' tooth surfacesby producing a cutting motion of a tool in engagement with a tapered gear blank while imparting a relative motion between the tool and blankcorresponding to that of a cylindrical gear which is coaxial with the blank rolling on a rack which extends in a y direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis. v

16. The method of producing atapered gear whichconsists in cutting its side tooth' surfaces .by moving a tool in a curved path across the face of at'apered gear blank while imparting a relative motion between the tool and blank corresponding to that of a cylindrical gear which is coaxial with the blank rolling on a rack which extends in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

17. The method of producing a'tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by rotating a rotary annular face mill in engagement with a tapered gear blank while' imparting a relative motion between the toolland blank corresponding to that of a .cylindrical .gear which is coaxial with theon a rack which extends in adirection i'nclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

19. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting edges across the face' of a tapered gear blank while imparting a relative motion between-the cutting edges and blank corresponding to that of a cylindrical gear. which is coaxial with the blank rolling on a rack which extends in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to theaxis of the blank. 20. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting edges in separate concentrically curved paths across the face of a tapered gear blank while imparting a relative motion between the cutting edges and blank corresponding to that of a cylindrical gear which is coaxial with the blank, rolling on a rack whichextends in a direction inclined to a plane'perpendicular to the blank axis.

21. A method of producing tapered gears which involves the shaping of the longitudinal tooth surfaces of the gear by a cutting movement of a tool in a curved path, which consists in positioning the tool and a tapered gear blank relatively to each other so that the axis about which the tool moves coincides with theproje'etion of the gear apex to a normal, at a mean point, to the tooth surface to be produced, and imparting a cutting movement to the tool about its axis, while producing an additional relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in the direction of. said normal.

'22. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in positioning a rotary annular face mill and a tapered gear blan relatively to each other so that the center about which the tool rotates coincides with the projection of the blank apex to a normal tooth surfaces by movement of a cutting edge in a curved path, which consists in positioning a pair of cutting edges and a tapered gear blank relatively to each other so that the axis --about which the cutting edges are to be moved coincides with the projection of the blank apex to a normal at'a mean point to the tooth surfaces to be produced on the blank, and moving the cutting edges in separate curved paths across the face of the blank gear which involves shaping its longitudinal v while producing an additional relative straight line motion between the cutting edges and blank in the direction of said norma 24. The method of producing a tapered gearwhich consists in positioning a rotary annular face mill, having a plurality of cutting edges adapted to finish cut adjacent side tooth faces of a gear blank, in engagement with a tapered gear blank so that the axis about which the tool moves passes through the projection of the gear apex to a normal, at a mean point, to the tooth surface to be produced on the blank, and rotating the tool in engagement with the blank while imparting an additional relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in the di rection of said normal.

2.5. Ina machine for producing tapered gears, a tool, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and means for simultaneously producing a straight line relative movement between the tool and blank spindle to generate the tooth profiles.

26. In a machine for producing gears, a

tool support, a rotary annular face mill jour-' naled therein, a spindle adaptedto carry a ment t-dthe tool, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and means for'simultaneously producing a straight line relative movement between the tool and blank spindle to generate the tooth profiles.

28. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill, provided with a plurality of cutting blades for simultaneously finish cutting adjacent side tooth faces of the blank, journaled in said tool support, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for rotating the tool in engagementjwith the blank, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and means for simultaneously producing a straight line-relative motion between the tool and blank spindle to generate the tooth profiles.

29. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for positioning the tool and blank in engagement, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and. means for simultaneously pro-' ducing a straight line relative movement between the tool and. blank spindle in a direc.

tion inclined to a plan perpendicular to the blank spindle.

30. In a machine for producing gears, a tool, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for positioning the tool and blank in engagement, means for moving the tool in a curved path across the face of the blank, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and means for simultaneously producing an additional'straight line relative motion between the tool and blank spindle in a direction inclined to aplane perpendicular to the blank axis.

31. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill journaled therein, a blank support, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank j ournaled thereon, means for positioning the tool andblank in engagement, means for rotating the tool on its axis, means for rotating the blank" spindle on itsaxis, and means for simultaneously producing a straight line relative motion between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

32. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill, provided with a plurality of finish cutting edges adapted to finish cut adjacent tooth faces of a gear blank, journaled on said tool support, a blank support, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank journaled in said blank sup port,means for positioning the tool and blank. in engagement, means for rotating the tool on its axis, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, and means for simultaneously producing a straight line relative movement between the tool and blank in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis. a

i 33. In a machine for producing gears, 21

tool support, a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a blank spindle, adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, journaled therein, means for moving the tool in a curved path across the face ofthe vblank, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, means for simultaneously producing a straight line relative movement between the tool andblank in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular t the blank axis, and means for adjusting said tool support so that the axis aboutwhich the tool moves maybe inclined at any de sired angle to the straight line along which the last named relative movement takes place.

3%. gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill journaled therein, a blanksupport, a spindle adapted to carry a tapered gear blank journaled thereon, means for rotating the tool on its axis, means for rotating the n a machine for producing tapered.

blank spindle on its axis, means for simultaneously producing a straight 'line relative movement between the tool and blank in a direction lnclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis, and means for angularly axis, means for rotating the blank spindle on its axis, means for simultaneously producaxis, and means for angularly adjusting the tool support to incline the tool.axis to the a straight line along which the last named relative movement takes place. it 36.-In.a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool, a blank support, a spindle adapted.to carry a tapered gear blank journaled in said blank support, means for positioning the tool and blank in engagement, means for imparting a cutting motion to the tool, means 'for simultaneously imparting a relative movement between the tool and blank spindle corresponding to that of a cylindrical gear which is coaxial -With-the blank rolling on a rack whichextends in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

37. In' a machine for producing tapered gears, a too], a blank support, aspin le adapted to carry a tapered gear blank journaled in said blank support, means for positioning the tool and blank in engagement, means for I face of the blank, means for simultaneously impartingan: additional relative movement between the. tool and blank spindle correspondingto that'of a cylindrical gear, coaxial with the blank, rolling on a rack which extendsrin a direction inclinedyto a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

*'-38. In a machine for producing tapered gears, atool support, a rotary annular face mill journaled therein, ablank support, a

- spindle adapted to carry-a tapered gear blank ournaled thereon, means for positioning the 001 and blank in engagement, means for ro- 4o-tating the tool on its axis, andmeans fora 39. In a machine for simultaneously producing an additional relative movement between the tool and blank corresponding to that of a .cylindrical gear coaxial with the blank-rolling on the rack which extends in the direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

producing tapered gears,'a tool support, a too journaled therein,- a blank support, a spindle, adapted to carry-- a tapered gear blank, journaled thereon, means for positioning the tool and gear blank relatively to each other so that the axis. about i which the toolmoves'passes through the projection of the blank apex to. anormal to a tooth side to be cut on the blank, means for moving the tool in a curved path across the face of the blank, means for rotating the blank spindle onits. axis,and means for simultaneously"producing a strai ht line relative movement-between the too and blank. in a direction'inclined to aplane perpendicularto the blank axis.

401111 a machine for producing tapered i gears, atool support, a rotary annular face mill journaled therein, a blank support, a

spindle, adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, journaled thereon, means for positioning the tool and blank relatively to each edges adaptedflto finish cut-adjacent side tooth faces of a gear blank, journaled therein, a blank su port, a spindle adapted to 'carry' a tapere gear blank journaled thereon, means for positioning the tool and gear blankfrelatively to eachother so that the axis about 'which the tool rotates passes through the projection of the blank a ex to anermal to a tooth side to be cut on the lank,

moving-the tool in a curved path. across thefmans for rotating the tool on its axis, means for. rotating the blank on its axis, and means for'i simultaneously producing a relative 'strai ht. line movement between the tool and blan in a direction inclined to a plane perpendicular to the blank axis.

42. In a machine for producing. tapered gears,'a blank support, a spindle adapted to carry atapered gear blank, journaled therein, a'to l support movable in a straight line in clined to a plane perpendicular to the blank spindlewhen the latter is in cutting position,

a tool mounted on said tool support, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool, means ,for' simultaneously imparting a slidmg movement to said tool support and means adapted to be actuated by movement of said tool support for rotating said blank spindle.

43. In a-machine for producing tapered gears, a blank support, a spindle, adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, journaled in said blank support, a tool support movablein a strai ht line inclined to a plane perpendlcu ar to the blank spindle when the latter "is in} cutting position a tool mounted on said tool support, means or movin the tool in a curved ath across the face of t e gear blank, means or simultaneously imparting a sliding movement to said tool support, and means adapted to be actuated by movement of said tool support for rotating said blank spindle.

'44. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a blank support, a spindle, ada ted to carry a tapered gear blank, journaled t erein,

a tool support movable in a straight line in.- clined to a plane perpendicular to the blank spindle when the latter is in cutting position, an annular face mill journaled in said tool support, means for rotating said tool in engagement with the gear blank, means for cutting position, a rotary annular face mill,

provided With cuttin edges adapted to out adjacent side tooth faces of a gear blank, journaled in said tool support, means for rotating said tool inengagement with the gear blank, means for simultaneously imparting movement to said tool support, and means.

adapted to be actuated by movement 'of' said tool support for rotating said blank spindle. 46. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by producing a cutting motionof'a' tool in engagementwith atapered gear blank, while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing a relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in a plane tangent to a cone surface of the blank along a cone element thereof.

47. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces by moving a tool in a curved path across the face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis andsimulta neously. producing a relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in a plane tangentto a cone surface of the blank along a cone element thereof.

48. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth surfaces two sides'simultaneously by moving a pair of cutting edges in concentrically curved paths across the face of a tapered gear a pair of cutting edges intangential relation blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously roducing a relative straight line motion bla'nk in aplane tangent to a cone surface of the blank-along a cone element thereof.

49. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a blank spindle journaled therein and adapted to carryfla tapered gear blank, means for positioning the tool and blank .in engagement, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool, a rack member secured to saidtool support, a cylindrical gear secured to said blank spindle and meshing with said rack member, and means'for imparting a straight line motion tosaid tool.

support to cause the cylindrical gear toroll on the rack member.

50. Ina machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill journaledin said tool support, a blank support, a blank spindle journaled therein.

and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank,

etween the tool andmeans for rotating the tool on its axis, a rack member secured to said tool support, a cylindrical gear secured to said blank spindle and meshing with said rack member and means for imparting a straight line motion to said tool support to cause said cylindrical gear to roll on said rack member.

51. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in positioning a tool and blank in tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane by an angle equal to the pitch cone angle of the gear to be generated, imparting a cutting movement to the tool, rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously producing a relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in said common tangent plane.

52. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in positioning a tool and blank in tangential" relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane by an angle equal {to the pitch cone angle of the gear to be produced, and moving the tool in a curved path across the face of the blank while simultaneously rotating the blank on its axis and producing a relative straight line motion between the tool and blank in said common tangent plane.

53. The method of producing a tapered gear which consists in positioning a rotary "annular face mill and. a tapered gear blank in tangential relation with the axis. of the blank inclined tothe common tangent plane by an angle equal to the pitch cone angle of the gear to be produced, and rotating the tool on its axis while simultaneouslyrotating the straight line motion betweenthe tool and blank .in said common tangent plane.

' 54. The methodofproducing, a tapered gear which consists in cutting its side tooth aces two sides simultaneously by positioning with a gear blank withthe axis of the blank inclinedto the common tangent plane by an angle equal tothe-pitch cone an le of the gear to be produced and moving t e cutting blank on its axis and producing a relative edges simultaneously across the face of the gear blank while rotating the. ljank on its axis and simultaneously producing a relative straight line motion between the cutting edges and blank in said common tangent plane.

55. The method of. producing a tapered gear which consists-in cutting its side tooth faces two sides simultaneously with a rotary annular face mill having a plurality of cutting edges adapted to finish cut simultane-- ously adjacent side tooth faces of the blank, by positioning the tool and blank in tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane by an angle equal to the pitch cone angle of the gear to be produced and rotating the tool in engagement with the blank while simultaneously rotating the blank on its axis and progears angle of the blank, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool, means for rotating the blank on its axis, and means for simultaneously producing an additional relative straight line movement between the tool and blank in said common tangent plane.

57. Ina machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill ou rnaled 1n said tool support, a blank support, a blank spindle, journaled therein and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for positioning the tool and the blank tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the common'tangent plane by an angle equal to the pitch cone angle of the blank, means for rotating thetool on its axis, means for rotating the blank on its axis, and means'forsimultaneousl producing an additio'nallrelative straight ine motion betweenthe tool and blank in said common tangent plane. I.

58. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a'blank spindle journaled therein and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for positioning the tool and a blank in tangential relation with the axis of the-blank inclined to the common tangent plane b an angle equal to the pitch cone angle 0 the blank, means for imparting a blank, means for rotating the tool on its axis,

means for movin cutting movement to the tool, means for moving the tool support ina straight line parallel to the common tangent plane and means whereby the motion of said tool support rotates the blankispindle'on its axis.

59. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a rotary annular face mill ournaled in said tool support, a blank support, a blank spindle jour'naledtherein and adapted to carry a'tapered gear blank,- means for positioning the tooland blank in tan ential relation. with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane by an angle equal to the pitch cone angle of the the tool support in a straight line para el to the common tangent plane and-means whereb the motion of said tool support rotates the lank spindle on'its axis.

60. The method of producing gear'which consists in generating'its side tooth surfaces by producing a cutting motion.

of a tool in engagement with a tapered gear blank while simultaneously effecting a relative movement betweenthe tool and blank of a'tool in engagement with a tapered gear blank -While simultaneously rotating the blank on its axis and imparting a relative straight-line motion between the tool and blank in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal directionof the tooth being out. 63. The methodv of producing a tapered gear which consists in generating its side,

r tooth surfaces 'by' moving a cutting edge in a curved path acrossthe face of a tapered gear blank while rotating the blank on its axis and simultaneously imparting an additional relativestraight-line motion between the tool and blank in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the teeth being cut. 64. In a machine for generating tapered gears, a tool support, a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a blank spindle journaled therein and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for adjusting said supports to bring the tool and blank into tangential relation' with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane, means for imparting 'a-cutting movement to the tool, means for I rotating the blank on its axis, and means for simultaneously moving one of said supports in a straight line inclined to .a'generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank.

-65. In a machine for generating tapered gears, a tool support a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a blank spindle journaled therein and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for adjusting said supports to bring the tool andblank into tangential relation with the axis'of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane,- means for moving thelt'ool in a longitudinally curved path across the face of the blank, ineans for rotating the'blank on its axis and means for simultaneously moving one. of said supports in a straight line inclined to a generatrix of the pitch surface of the blank.

66. In a machine for generating tapered ;gears, a-tool, a blank support, means for adjusting the tool and blank relative to eachother to bring thetool and blank into tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the common tangent plane, means relative movement'between the tool and blank for imparting a cutting motion'to the tool,

and ;means for simultaneously 'efiecting a,

the tool and blank into tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined tothe common tangent plane, means for moving the tool in a longitudinally curved path across the face of the blank and means for simultaneously eife'cting a relative movement between the tool and blank in the manner of a gear rolling on a rack.

68. In a machine for generating tapered 7 gears, a tool support, a tool mounted thereon,

a blank support, a blank spindle journaled. therein and adapted to carry a-tapered gear blank, means for adjusting said supports to,

bring the tool and blank into tangential relation with the axis of the blank inclined to the commontangent plane, means for imparting a cutting movement to the tool," means for moving the tool support in a straightline parallel to the common tangent plane and inclined to a generatrixof the pitch surface of the blank, and means whereby the motion of said tool support rotates the blank spindle on its axis.

69. In a machine for producing tapered gears, a tool support, a tool mounted thereon, a blank support, a blank spindle journaled therein and adapted to carry a tapered gear blank, means for adjusting said supports to bring the tool and blank into tangential. relation with the axis of. the blank inclined to the common tangent, plane, means for moving the tool in a longitudinally curved path across the face of the gear blank, means for moving the tool supportin a straight line I parallel to'the common tangent plane and inclined to a generatrixof the pitch surface of the blank and means whereby the motion of said tool support rotates the blank spindle on its axis.

ERNEST WILDHABER.

support in the manner of a gear rolling on a 

